Quinine Essays - Alcohols, Alkaloids, Quinine, Quinolines

Quinine Stories of Native Americans contributions to the advancement of health and medicine traces were discovered in a small town in Nali, Africa. The very first onset of the beggining of modern pharmacology is the substance called quinine. This is the substance that came from a bark of a tree that grew in high elevations. The Indians has been using this substance to cure malaria, cramps, chills, hear-rythm disorders and many other ailments. Prior to the disovery of quinine, the old world suffers enormously because the lack of medical knowledge that the old world posess. Quinine would have probably been introduce somewhere in 1630, as it was mention in a belgian medical text. Quinine made extensive settlement in America possible due to the fact that it cures malaria better than any other medicine and because its potent medicinal values. Until recently, quinine has been sold in Timbuktu as a medical tonic that promotes vitality and refreshments drink. This Indian tonic is apearant through ou t the city of Timbuktu in Africa. It`s a relic of a long line of deriratives tonics sold in the ninteenth and early twentieth century as a cures for all known imaginable ailments. There were realtive of the tree that provide quinine also cure amoebic dysentery and lethal infection of the intestine. Amoebic dysentery is a disease that cause by ingestions of certain amoebes, the symptoms range from bloody diarrhea to high fever. Ipecac is a medincine the Indians of the Amazon had created using three to four yearl old cepahlaelis ipecacuanla and c. acuminia plants to cure intestinal infections that is deadly among children. Up till now, poison clinic through out the world still use it to induce vomitting because of its emetic properties. Even though their discovery of quinine and ipecac cures many disease, they weren`t fortune enough to enjoy the benefit of their discovery that their old world counterpart did. Western science in the old world largely ignored the potency, effectiveness, and utility until it cures scurvy and thus illustrate the superiority of the Indian medical knowledge and pharmacology. Followings to the Indians pharmacology superior knowledge is the discovery of a laxative or cathartic by the Indians of northern California and Oregon use to treat constipation. The laxative that the Indians had discovered leads to the modern medicine commonly use medicine to treat bowel related ailments. This medicine is actually a bark of the Rhamus purchiana shrub, it uniqueness is that it dissolves clogg bowels in the intestinal within eight hours. Because of its mild manner on the user that present no discomfort, it was widely accepted as a laxative eversince its introductions by Americas pharmacuetical industry in 1878. The discovery of carure was mentions when a voyayer named Francisco de Orellana first discover it in the Amazon river. It was mention that when he travel down the river and was being attacked by the Indians and one of his man died because the arrows that the Indians had used to attacked his men was being painted with the substance called curare. It took medical reseacher a long time to unravel how curare works. Later when they find out on how it operates, the reseacher noted that it work by blocking the nerve transmission to the muscle and therefore paralizing a victims ability to breath. Intially nobody could find any useful for it until it was found that if given in small dose, it could relax the muscle and this proves very useful for surgery purposes. Its first use in the old world was to cure tetanus and soon follows other pratical use to reduce abdominal pain, restrict muscle contraction so that doctors could insert tubes into the windpipe to facilitate breathing and it was synthesized into a number of different muscle relaxant drugs. Later in the ninteenth century, doctors use it as a means of euthanasia for the terminally ill patients. Indians in northeastern of the U.S use vermifuge pinkroot to treat intestinal worms, dogwwod are being use to reduce fever, liquid is extracted from willow tree capable of curing headache and other minor pain. later in the centuries did western medical science recognized aspirin as a coal tar deriratives that has the active ingredient